Brazil, officially Federative Republic of Brazil, Portuguese Repblica Federativa do Brasil, country of South America that occupies half the continents landmass. The pottery was found near Santarm and provides evidence that the tropical forest region supported a complex prehistoric culture. [244], Brazil's international relations are based on Article 4 of the Federal Constitution, which establishes non-intervention, self-determination, international cooperation and the peaceful settlement of conflicts as the guiding principles of Brazil's relationship with other countries and multilateral organizations. [302], Technological research in Brazil is largely carried out in public universities and research institutes, with the majority of funding for basic research coming from various government agencies. This was usually mixed with Brazilian influences from their own heritage which produced a unique form of Brazilian architecture. [236][237], The Air Force is the largest in Latin America and has about 700 crewed aircraft in service and effective about 67,000 personnel. Outline Map. [178] Brazil's 187778 Grande Seca (Great Drought), the worst in Brazil's history,[182] caused approximately half a million deaths. At the end of the 19th century orchestrated dramaturgias became very popular and were accompanied with songs of famous artists like the conductress Chiquinha Gonzaga. [223], Numbering close to 236,000 active personnel,[224] the Brazilian Army has the largest number of armored vehicles in South America, including armored transports and tanks. [219], The armed forces of Brazil are the largest in Latin America by active personnel and the largest in terms of military equipment. [125][126][127] The 1935 uprising created a security crisis in which Congress transferred more power to the executive branch. Flag. Most of them are public. [14], It spans four time zones; from UTC5 comprising the state of Acre and the westernmost portion of Amazonas, to UTC4 in the western states, to UTC3 in the eastern states (the national time) and UTC2 in the Atlantic islands. Each of these public educational systems is responsible for its own maintenance, which manages funds as well as the mechanisms and funding sources. The country has about 212 million people. [281] In the food industry, Brazil was the second-largest exporter of processed foods in the world in 2019. In 2017, Brazil`s GDP grew 1%, inflation fell to historic lows of 2.9%, and the Central Bank lowered benchmark interest rates from 13.75% in 2016 to 7%. and Long. 3. [74], The Portuguese colonial administration in Brazil had two objectives that would ensure colonial order and the monopoly of Portugal's wealthiest and largest colony: to keep under control and eradicate all forms of slave rebellion and resistance, such as the Quilombo of Palmares,[75] and to repress all movements for autonomy or independence, such as the Minas Conspiracy. Volleyball, basketball, auto racing, and martial arts also attract large audiences. RIBEIRO, Darcy. Brazil is the only Portuguese-speaking nation in the Americas, making the language an important part of Brazilian national identity and giving it a national culture distinct from those of its Spanish-speaking neighbors. WebGovernment of Brazil. Lawsuits on appeal may take several years to resolve, and in some cases more than a decade elapses before definitive rulings. Voting is compulsory for the literate between 18 and 70 years old and optional for illiterates and those between 16 and 18 or beyond 70. [31] Brazil is the world's largest producer of sugarcane, soy, coffee and orange; is one of the top 5 producers of maize, cotton, lemon, tobacco, pineapple, banana, beans, coconut, watermelon and papaya; and is one of the top 10 world producers of cocoa, cashew, mango, rice, tomato, sorghum, tangerine, avocado, persimmon, and guava, among others. [283] In the footwear industry, Brazil was the fourth-largest producer in 2019. Cascudo, Luis da Cmara. ", "Brazil's Proclamation of the Republic through the press", "Global protest grows as citizens lose faith in politics and the State", "Dilma Rousseff impeached by Brazilian senate", "Brazil supreme court judge orders probe into nine ministers paper", "President Michel Temer of Brazil Is Charged With Corruption", "Jair Bolsonaro eleito presidente do Brasil", "Covid-19 pandemic: 'Everything you should not do, Brazil has done', "Bolsonaro's 'genocidal' Covid response has led to Brazilian catastrophe, Dilma Rousseff says", "Covid: Brazil's Bolsonaro calls governors 'tyrants' over lockdowns", "Annual averages of Mandacaru Agro-meteorological station", "CPD: South America, Site SA19, Caatinga of North-eastern Brazil, Brazil", "Drought, Smallpox, and Emergence of Leishmania braziliensis in Northeastern Brazil", "STATEMENT: Brazil Sets Weak 2030 Emission Reduction Target", "Amazon World's largest tropical rain forest and river basin", "Numbers of Living Species in Australia and the World: A Report for the Department of the Environment and Heritage", "Forest Pulse: The Latest on the World's Forests", "Amazon Against the Clock: A Regional Assessment on Where and How to Protect 80% by 2025", "Places We Work: The Atlantic Forest of Brazil", Forest Service International Programs: Brazil, "Preserved native vegetation occupies 61% of Brazil's area, says Embrapa", "How Europe has multiplied its forests and why this can be a problem", "Climate change is pushing Brazil's farmland out of agricultural suitability range", "Lula returns for third term as Brazil president", "Democracy Index 2021: the China challenge", "Amendments to the Brazilian Constitution", "Primeira Corte do mundo a ter canal de vdeo no YouTube o STF", "STF: Primeira corte do mundo no YouTube", "Brazil is among the 10 largest military powers in the world", "Decreto N 5.670 de 10 de Janeiro de 2006", "Defesanet Brigada de operaes especiais", "Brigada de Operaes Especiais Bda Op Esp", "1 Batalho de Infantaria de Selva (Aeromvel)", "12 Brigada de Infantaria Leve (Aeromvel)", "Grupamento de Mergulhadores de Combate GruMeC", "Porta-Helicpteros Atlntico agora Navio-Aerdromo Multipropsito", "Every. On January 1, 1502, the first official tourist arrived in Brazil. The horde of rioters who invaded government buildings on Jan. 8 in an attack on Brazil's democracy left behind a trail of destruction whose full scope is only now coming into full view. [351] From 1880 to 1930, 4 million Europeans arrived. [253] In 2018, Brazil had a record 63,880 murders. [346] Bulk carriers have to wait up to 18 days before being serviced, container ships 36.3 hours on average.[347]. See the State Departments travel website for the Worldwide Caution and Travel Advisories. [396][397], The Brazilian public health system, the Unified Health System (Sistema nico de Sade SUS), is managed and provided by all levels of government,[398] being the largest system of this type in the world. Brazil is a founding member of the United Nations, the G20, BRICS, Mercosul, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. Of the top 20 Latin American universities, eight are Brazilian. It also set as indicative target of reaching carbon neutrality by 2060 if the country gets 10 billion dollars per year. [350] The population is heavily concentrated in the Southeastern (79.8million inhabitants) and Northeastern (53.5million inhabitants) regions, while the two most extensive regions, the Center-West and the North, which together make up 64.12% of the Brazilian territory, have a total of only 29.1million inhabitants. [249] Brazil does not just use its growing economic strength to provide financial aid, but it also provides high levels of expertise and most importantly of all, a quiet non-confrontational diplomacy to improve governance levels. One of the world's most captivating places, Brazil is a country of powdery white-sand beaches, verdant rainforests and wild, rhythm-filled metropolises, with its attractions extending to otherworldly landscapes of red-rock canyons, thundering waterfalls and coral-fringed tropical islands. 70, 79, 202, Minahan, James B. [192] The rich wildlife of Brazil reflects the variety of natural habitats. Doctrinal works and the works of academic jurists have strong influence in law creation and in law cases. [136] Juscelino Kubitschek became president in 1956 and assumed a conciliatory posture towards the political opposition that allowed him to govern without major crises. 15 November is now Republic Day, a national holiday. Brazil is the largest country in South America and the fifth largest country in the world. Other large trading partners include the United States, Argentina, the Netherlands and Canada. [368][369] Brazil has the second largest Jewish community in Latin America making up 0.06% of its population. [11][12] It is one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world,[13] and the most populous Roman Catholic-majority country. WebThe mountain is one of several monolithic granite and quartz mountains that rise straight from the water's edge around. 1545S 4757W / 15.750S 47.950W / -15.750; -47.950 (Brasilia), "Brazilian Republic" redirects here. [243] It has built a tradition of participating in UN peacekeeping missions such as in Haiti, East Timor and Central African Republic. [14] Its size, relief, climate, and natural resources make Brazil geographically diverse. Schools and health services must provide access ("inclusion") to deaf people. Located in central-eastern part of South America and covering an area of 8.5 million sq.km (3,287,956 sq mi), Brazil is the world's 5th largest country as well as the largest country in South America and in the Southern Hemisphere. [57][58][59][60], By the mid-16th century, cane sugar had become Brazil's most important export,[53][61] while slaves purchased in Sub-Saharan Africa in the slave market of Western Africa[62] (not only those from Portuguese allies of their colonies in Angola and Mozambique), had become its largest import,[63][64] to cope with plantations of sugarcane, due to increasing international demand for Brazilian sugar. Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world in terms of population (208.8 million in 2018) and well as land area. The mountain is one of several monolithic granite and quartz mountains that rise straight from the water's edge around. The road system totaled Judiciary authorities exercise jurisdictional duties almost exclusively. The cities of Boa Vista, Salvador, and Porto Velho have the greatest proportion of Irreligious residents in Brazil. [401][402], Despite all the progress made since the creation of the universal health care system in 1988, there are still several public health problems in Brazil. "Booming Brazil could be world power soon", "CIA The World Factbook Country Comparisons GDP (purchasing power parity)", "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019", "Discoveries Challenge Beliefs on Humans' Arrival in the Americas", http://gobrazil.about.com/od/ecotourismadventure/ss/Peter-Lund-Museum.htm, https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.254.5038.1621, "More enslaved Africans came to the Americas through this port than anywhere else. Regrettably, its also one of the most endangered biomes in the world, with just 12.5% of it remaining in disparate fragments along Brazils southeast-facing coastline. They also have independent Courts of Law for common justice. Human settlement in Brazil is thought to have begun at least 32,000 years ago. ], Baniwa and Tucano languages had been granted co-official status with Portuguese. Government of Brazil. Brazil faces [133] Vargas committed suicide in August 1954 amid a political crisis, after having returned to power by election in 1950. In 1815, the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. [14] It borders all other countries and territories in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers roughly half of the continent's land area. 105, 145. [441], During 19th century, Brazilian architecture saw the introduction of more European styles to Brazil such as Neoclassical and Gothic Revival architecture. [86] The last Portuguese soldiers surrendered on 8 March 1824;[87] Portugal officially recognized Brazilian independence on 29 August 1825. Brazil, officially Federative Republic of Brazil, Portuguese Repblica Federativa do Brasil, country of South America that occupies half the continents landmass. Freyre, Gilberto. [160][161], Rousseff was impeached by the Brazilian Congress in 2016, halfway into her second term,[162][163] and replaced by her Vice-president Michel Temer, who assumed full presidential powers after Rousseff's impeachment was accepted on 31 August. [16] The president is both head of state and head of government of the Union and is elected for a four-year term,[16] with the possibility of re-election for a second successive term. The capital of Brazil is Braslia.Brazil was named after brazilwood, which is a tree that once grew very well along the Brazilian coast. [435], Brazilian art has developed since the 16th century into different styles that range from Baroque (the dominant style in Brazil until the early 19th century)[436][437] to Romanticism, Modernism, Expressionism, Cubism, Surrealism and Abstractionism. The National Congress is the Federation's bicameral legislature, consisting of the Chamber of Deputies and the Federal Senate. [486] In May 2010, the Brazilian government launched TV Brasil Internacional, an international television station, initially broadcasting to 49 countries. The Brazilian landscape is very varied. An increasingly well-developed tool of Brazil's foreign policy is providing aid as a donor to other developing countries. [221][222] It consists of the Brazilian Army (including the Army Aviation Command), the Brazilian Navy (including the Marine Corps and Naval Aviation), and the Brazilian Air Force. 3. [204] The President appoints the Ministers of State, who assist in government. [169][170][171], Brazil occupies a large area along the eastern coast of South America and includes much of the continent's interior,[172] sharing land borders with Uruguay to the south; Argentina and Paraguay to the southwest; Bolivia and Peru to the west; Colombia to the northwest; and Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and France (French overseas region of French Guiana) to the north. In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated the number of 32 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, one of the highest rates of homicide of the world. Brazil is the eighth-largest economy in the world, but is recovering from a recession in 2015 and 2016 that ranks as the worst in the countrys history. [337] The total of paved roads increased from 35,496km (22,056mi) in 1967 to 215,000km (133,595mi) in 2018. The first was Jos Maurcio Nunes Garcia, author of sacred pieces with influence of Viennese classicism. The first car with an ethanol engine was produced in 1978 and the first airplane engine running on ethanol in 2005. Amorim, who was Brazils foreign minister during Lulas 2003-2010 administration, said he hoped the uprising had been nipped in the bud. He became unpopular during his tenure through failure to control the economic crisis and hyperinflation he inherited from the military regime. In the 1940s the annual population growth rate was 2.4%, rising to 3.0% in the 1950s and remaining at 2.9% in the 1960s, as life expectancy rose from 44 to 54 years[353] and to 72.6 years in 2007. [343] Coastal shipping links widely separated parts of the country. [167], In the fiercely disputed 2018 elections, the controversial conservative candidate Jair Bolsonaro of the Social Liberal Party (PSL) was elected president, winning in the second round Fernando Haddad, of the Workers Party (PT), with the support of 55.13% of the valid votes. Histria da Alimentao no Brasil. [100] A few days later, the national flag was replaced with a new design that included the national motto "Ordem e Progresso", influenced by positivism. Read the entire Travel Advisory. See the State Departments travel website for the Worldwide Caution and Travel Advisories.

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